See also: Appendix:Variations of "rat"
Contents
- 1 English
- 1.1 Pronunciation
- 1.2 Etymology 1
- 1.2.1 Noun
- 1.2.1.1 Synonyms
- 1.2.1.2 Derived terms
- 1.2.1.3 Translations
- 1.2.1.4 See also
- 1.2.2 Verb
- 1.2.2.1 Synonyms
- 1.2.2.2 Translations
- 1.2.3 References
- 1.2.1 Noun
- 1.3 Etymology 2
- 1.3.1 Noun
- 1.3.2 Verb
- 1.3.2.1 Usage notes
- 1.3.3 References
- 1.4 Etymology 3
- 1.4.1 Noun
- 1.4.1.1 Derived terms
- 1.4.1 Noun
- 1.5 Anagrams
- 2 Catalan
- 2.1 Pronunciation
- 2.2 Noun
- 2.3 Further reading
- 3 Danish
- 3.1 Etymology
- 3.2 Pronunciation
- 3.3 Noun
- 3.3.1 Inflection
- 4 Dutch
- 4.1 Alternative forms
- 4.2 Etymology
- 4.3 Pronunciation
- 4.4 Noun
- 4.4.1 Derived terms
- 4.4.2 Descendants
- 5 French
- 5.1 Etymology
- 5.2 Pronunciation
- 5.3 Noun
- 5.3.1 Derived terms
- 5.3.2 Related terms
- 5.4 Further reading
- 5.5 Anagrams
- 6 Indonesian
- 6.1 Etymology
- 6.2 Pronunciation
- 6.3 Noun
- 6.4 Further reading
- 7 Kalasha
- 7.1 Etymology
- 7.2 Noun
- 8 Maltese
- 8.1 Pronunciation
- 8.2 Verb
- 9 Middle Dutch
- 9.1 Etymology 1
- 9.1.1 Noun
- 9.1.1.1 Inflection
- 9.1.1.2 Descendants
- 9.1.1 Noun
- 9.2 Etymology 2
- 9.2.1 Adjective
- 9.2.1.1 Inflection
- 9.2.1.2 Descendants
- 9.2.1 Adjective
- 9.3 Further reading
- 9.1 Etymology 1
- 10 Middle English
- 10.1 Noun
- 11 Norman
- 11.1 Etymology
- 11.2 Noun
- 11.2.1 Derived terms
- 12 Occitan
- 12.1 Pronunciation
- 12.2 Noun
- 12.2.1 Synonyms
- 12.2.2 Derived terms
- 12.2.3 Related terms
- 12.3 References
- 13 Old French
- 13.1 Etymology
- 13.2 Noun
- 13.2.1 Descendants
- 13.3 References
- 14 Old Javanese
- 14.1 Etymology
- 14.2 Noun
- 15 Romani
- 15.1 Etymology 1
- 15.1.1 Pronunciation
- 15.1.2 Noun
- 15.2 Etymology 2
- 15.2.1 Alternative forms
- 15.2.2 Pronunciation
- 15.2.3 Noun
- 15.2.3.1 Derived terms
- 15.3 References
- 15.1 Etymology 1
- 16 Romansch
- 16.1 Etymology
- 16.2 Noun
- 16.2.1 Synonyms
- 17 Serbo-Croatian
- 17.1 Etymology
- 17.2 Pronunciation
- 17.3 Noun
- 17.3.1 Declension
- 18 Torres Strait Creole
- 18.1 Etymology
- 18.2 Noun
- 18.2.1 Synonyms
- 19 Volapük
- 19.1 Etymology
- 19.2 Pronunciation
- 19.3 Noun
- 19.3.1 Declension
- 19.3.2 Hypernyms
- 19.3.3 Hyponyms
- 19.3.4 Derived terms
- 19.3.5 See also
English[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has related media at:
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English ratte, rat, rotte, from Old English rætt, from Proto-West Germanic *ratt, from Proto-Germanic *rattaz, *rattō (compare West Frisian rôt, Dutch rat), of uncertain origin, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁d- (“to scrape, scratch, gnaw”). However, the rat may have been unknown in Northern Europe in antiquity, and the Proto-Germanic word may have referred to a different animal; see *rattaz for more.[1] Attestation of this family of words begins in the 12th century. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Some of the Germanic cognates show considerable consonant variation, e.g. Middle Low German ratte, radde; Middle High German rate, ratte, ratze.[1] The irregularity may be symptomatic of a late dispersal of the word, although Kroonen accounts for it with a Proto-Germanic stem *raþō nom., *ruttaz gen.,[1] showing both ablaut and a Kluge's law alternation, with the variation arising from varying remodellings in the descendants. Kroonen states that this requires a Proto-Indo-European etymon in final *t and is incompatible with the usual derivation from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁d- (“to scrape, scratch, gnaw”).[1]
Noun[edit]
rat (plural rats)
- (zoology) A medium-sized rodent belonging to the genus Rattus.
2013 May-June, Charles T. Ambrose, “Alzheimer’s Disease”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 200:
Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems—surgical foam, a thermal gel depot, a microcapsule or biodegradable polymer beads.
- (informal) Any of the numerous members of several rodent families (e.g. voles and mice) that resemble true rats in appearance, usually having a pointy snout, a long, bare tail, and body length greater than about 12 cm, or 5 inches.
- (informal) A person who is known for betrayal; a scoundrel; a quisling.
1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London, Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:
He’s more a man than any pair of rats of you in this here house.
What a rat, leaving us stranded here!
1936, F.J. Thwaites, chapter XVIII, in The Redemption, Sydney: H. John Edwards, published 1940, page 185:
"Ah, so you damn rat, this is a put-up job eh?"
- (informal) An informant or snitch.
- (informal) A scab: a worker who acts against trade union policies.
- (slang) A person who routinely spends time at a particular location.
Our teenager has become a mall rat.
He loved hockey and was a devoted rink rat.
- A wad of shed hair used as part of a hairstyle.
- A roll of material used to puff out the hair, which is turned over it.
- (UK, north-west London, slang, vulgar) vagin*.
Get your rat out.
- (chiefly informal) Short for muskrat.
1910, L. W. Pierce, “Muskrats are fast disappearing”, in Hunter-trader-trapper, page 70:
The price of rats began to rise and soon after the marsh froze over, spearing rats began, which was done with a one tine three-eighths inch steel rod, with a wooden handle […]
- 1929, E. J. Dailey, in Hardings Magazine's Question Box, printed in Fur Fish Game, page 73:
- Where natural marshes, or natural foods are found, are best places for raising muskrats. Louisiana and other southern states raise millions of rats, but they do not bring as good prices as northern raised ones. Delaware and Maryland have famed marshes. Other states are becoming noted for muskrat raising, also.
Synonyms[edit]
- (person known for betrayal): traitor (see for more synonyms)
- (informer): stool pigeon
Derived terms[edit]
Terms derived from rat
- Alexandrine rat
- Ankole African mole-rat
- antirat
- armored rat
- Asian black rat
- bamboo rat
- barracks rat
- biobreeding rat
- black rat
- blind mole-rat
- blind mole rat
- blind rat
- bograt
- bottle rat
- brass rat
- brig rat
- brown rat
- bulldog rat
- bunny rat
- bush rat
- camas rat
- cane rat
- chinchilla rat
- cloud rat
- clubrat
- coast rat
- common rat
- cotton rat
- Coues' rice rat
- crazy as a sh*thouse rat
- crested rat
- dassie rat
- Demonrat
- derat
- deratize
- desert mole rat
- desert rat
- emperor rat
- fancy rat
- fanny rat
- field rat
- fish-eating rat
- floe rat
- flying rat
- frat rat
- give a rat's ass
- grass rat
- greater cane rat
- great white rat
- gym-rat
- gym rat
- hangar rat
- Hanoverian rat
- Hanover rat
- hasbarat
- hill rat
- Himalayan field rat
- hood rat
- hoodrat
- house rat
- kangaroo rat
- kangaroo-rat
- K-rat
- kusu rat
- laboratory rat
- lab rat
- lab-rat
- Laotian rock rat
- Lewis rat
- like a drowned rat
- like a rat from a sinking ship
- like a rat up a drain
- like a rat up a drainpipe
- like rats from a sinking ship
- Long-Evans rat
- love rat
- Maclear's rat
- Malabar rat
- mall rat
- maned rat
- marsh rice rat
- millrat
- mole rat
- mole-rat
- moon rat
- moonrat
- mosaic-tailed rat
- mountain rat
- musk-rat
- muzrat
- Nairobi grass rat
- naked mole rat
- naked sand rat
- Namaqua rock rat
- New Guinean rat
- nonrat
- Norway rat
- Norwegian rat
- nutria rat
- Pacific rat
- packrat
- pack rat
- pack-rat
- painted tree rat
- pig-rat
- Pine Rat
- plague rat
- Polynesian rat
- poor as a rat
- rabbit-rat
- rat-arsed
- rat arsed
- ratbag
- rat-baiting
- rat-bastard
- rat bastard
- rat bastid
- rat bike
- rat-bite fever
- ratborne
- Ratboy
- rat cake
- ratcatcher
- ratcatching
- rat cheese
- rat chinchilla
- rat dog
- ratette
- ratface
- ratfink
- rat fink
- rat-fink
- ratfish
- rat flood
- rat-folk
- ratfolk
- rat-friendly
- rat f*ck
- rat-f*ck
- ratf*ck
- rat f*cker
- rat-f*cker
- ratf*cker
- rat-goose
- rat guard
- rathole
- rat hole
- rathood
- rat house
- raticide
- rat in a granary
- rat kangaroo
- rat king
- ratless
- rat-licker
- ratlike
- ratling
- rat lungworm
- ratly
- ratmageddon
- rat-mole
- rat mole
- ratness
- rat on
- rat out
- rat pack
- rat pit
- rat poison
- rat printing office
- ratproof
- rat-race
- rat race
- rat racer
- rat-ridden
- rat rod
- rat run
- rat runner
- ratsbane
- ratsh*t
- rat shot
- ratshot
- ratsicle
- ratskin
- rat snake
- rat's nest
- rat-tail
- rattail
- rat-tailed maggot
- rat-tail radish
- rat-tail splice
- ratten
- ratter
- rat terrier
- rattery
- rat through
- rattish
- rat trap
- rat-trap
- rattrap
- rat-trap cheese
- ratty
- rat wall
- rat with wings
- RCS rat
- region rat
- rice rat
- ring rat
- rink rat
- ritten
- river rat
- rock rat
- roof rat
- Rowett nude rat
- royal rat
- rugrat
- rug rat
- sand rat
- sandy blind mole rat
- sandy blind mole-rat
- sea rat
- Seram long-tailed mosaic-tailed rat
- sewer rat
- shack rat
- shaking rat Kawasaki
- ship rat
- sky rat
- smell a rat
- spiny rat
- stick-nest rat
- super-rat
- superrat
- swamp rat
- Tate's shrew rat
- torat
- tree rat
- trumpet-tailed rat
- tunnel rat
- viscacha rat
- vlei rat
- water-rat
- water rat
- welfare rat
- wererat
- western rat snake
- wharf rat
- whitret
- winged rat
- winter rat
- woodrat
- Ziegler's water rat
Translations[edit]
rodent
- 'Are'are: 'asuhe
- Acehnese: tikoh
- Afrikaans: rot(af)
- Ainu: エルㇺ (erum)
- Akan: okisi
- Aklanon: daga'
- Albanian: miu i gjirizeve
- Amharic: አይጥ (ʾäyṭ)
- Ankave: abia' mɨ'xɨrɨ'
- Arabic: جُرَذm (juraḏ), فَأْرm (faʔr)
- Aragonese: please add this translation if you can
- Armenian: առնետ(hy) (aṙnet)
- Assamese: এন্দুৰ (endur)
- Asturian: aguarón(ast)m, rata(ast)
- Aymara: achaku(ay)
- Azerbaijani: siçovul(az)
- Balinese: (mouse or rat) bikul, jero ketut
- Bashkir: ҡомаҡ (qomaq)
- Basque: arratoi(eu)
- Belarusian: пацу́кm (pacúk), шчурm (ščur)
- Bengali: (mouse or rat) ইঁদুর(bn) (ĩdur)
- Bouyei: ranz, waauc
- Breton: razh(br)
- Bulgarian: плъх(bg)m (plǎh)
- Burmese: (mouse or rat) ကြွက်(my) (krwak)
- Catalan: rata(ca)f, rat(ca)m
- Cebuano: ilaga
- Central Melanau: belabau, tikuih, umut
- Chamicuro: shileti
- Cherokee: (mouse or rat) ᏥᏍᏔᏥ (tsistatsi)
- Chichewa: khoswe
- Chinese:
- Chuukese: nakkich
- Crimean Tatar: sıçavul
- Czech: krysa(cs)f, potkan(cs)m
- Danish: rotte(da)c
- Dhivehi: please add this translation if you can
- Dutch: rat(nl)f, bruine rat(nl)f, rioolrat(nl)f, zwarte rat(nl)f
- Eastern Arrernte: nyemale
- Erzya: крыса (krisa)
- Esperanto: rato(eo)
- Estonian: rott(et)
- Ewe: alegeli
- Extremaduran: topinu
- Faroese: rottaf
- Fiji Hindi: chuuha (mouse or rat)
- Fijian: kalavo
- Finnish: rotta(fi)
- French: rat(fr)m, (mouse or rat) souris(fr)f, surmulot(fr)m, rat gris(fr)m, rat d’égout(fr)m, rat noir(fr)m
- Friulian: pantiane
- Gagauz: patkan
- Galician: rataf
- Georgian: ვირთხა (virtxa)
- German: (♂♀) Ratte(de)f, (♂♀) Ratz(de)m (regional), (♂♀) Ratze(de)f (regional, colloquial), (♀) Rättinf, (♂) Rattenmännchenn, (♀) Rattenweibchenn
- Greek: αρουραίος(el) (arouraíos)
- Gujarati: ઉંદરm (undar)
- Hausa: ɓera, kūsu
- Hawaiian: ʻiole
- Hebrew: חֻלְדָּה(he)f (ḥuldá), עַכְבְּרוֹשׁ(he)m ('akhbarósh)
- Higaonon: ambaw
- Hiligaynon: balabaw
- Hindi: (mouse or rat) चूहा(hi)m (cūhā)
- Hungarian: patkány(hu)
- Icelandic: rotta(is)f
- Ido: rato(io)
- Igbo: oke(ig)
- Indonesian: (mouse or rat) tikus(id)
- Interlingua: rattom, rattaf
- Iranun: ria
- Irish: francach dubhm, luch francachm, luchóg mhorf, francach(ga)m
- Italian: topo(it)m, sorcio(it)m, ratto(it)m
- Ivatan: karam
- Japanese: (mouse or rat) 鼠(ja) (ねずみ, nezumi), ネズミ(ja) (nezumi), ラット(ja) (ratto), 熊鼠(ja) (くまねずみ, kumanezumi), クマネズミ(ja) (kumanezumi)
- Javanese: werok
- Kannada: (mouse or rat) ಇಲಿ(kn) (ili)
- Kashmiri: گَگُر (gagur)
- Kazakh: егеуқұйрық (egeuqūiryq)
- Khmer: កណ្ដុរប្រែង (kɑndol praeng), កណ្ដុរ(km) (kɑndol)
- Kimaragang: tombud
- Korean: (mouse or rat) 쥐(ko) (jwi)
- Kunigami: っゑっちゅー (wwecchū)
- Kurdish:
- Kyrgyz: арчычкан(ky) (arcıckan)
- Ladin: roza
- Lao: (mouse or rat) ໜູ(lo) (nū)
- Latgalian: žurka, rataste
- Latin: (mouse or rat) mūs(la)m or f
- Latvian: žurka(lv)f
- Lithuanian: žiurkė(lt)f
- Livonian: svȯrkõz, suorkõz
- Luganda: emmese
- Luhya: embeba
- Lushootseed: k'ədayuʔ
- Luxembourgish: Ratf
- Macedonian: стаорецm (staorec), стаорm (staor)
- Malagasy: voalavo(mg)
- Malay: (mouse or rat) tikus(ms)
- Malayalam: എലി(ml) (eli)
- Maltese: far(mt)
- Manggarai: belawo
- Mansaka: ambaw
- Manx: roddanm
- Maori: kiore(mi)
- Maranao: riya
- Marathi: उंदिरm (undir)
- Mazanderani: اشنیک (ašnik)
- Mbyá Guaraní: anguja
- Mirandese: ratom
- Miyako: ゆむぬ (yumunu)
- Mizo: sa-zu
- Moksha: крьса (kŕsa)
- Mon: ကၞိ(mnw)
- Mongolian: оргодол(mn) (orgodol), босуул(mn) (bosuul)
- Navajo: łéʼétsoh
- Neapolitan: zoccola
- Nepali: चूहाm (cūhā), मूसm (mūs)
- Nivkh: няӻр (ņaꜧ̇r)
- Northern Sami: roahttu
- Norwegian:
- Occitan: rat(oc), garri(oc)
- Odia: ଇନ୍ଦୁର (indurô), କୁନ୍ଦୁ(or) (kundu)
- Okinawan: ヱンチュ (ゑんちゅ), エンチュ (えんちゅ)
- Old English: rættm
- Oromo: antuuta
- Osage: įchóhtąą
- Ossetian: уыры (wyry)
- Ottoman Turkish: موش (muş) (mouse or rat)
- Pali:
- Mon: မူသိက (mūsika)
- Panamint: kawan
- Pashto: سويکهf (soyáka), مږهf (mᶕɀa), ګنډېرڅهf (gnaḍercá)
- Persian: (mouse or rat) موش(fa) (muš)
- Plautdietsch: Raut(nds)f
- Polish: szczur(pl)m
- Portuguese: ratazana(pt)f, rato(pt)m
- Punjabi: ਚੂਹਾ(pa)m (cūhā), ਮੂਸਾm (mūsā)
- Rajasthani: please add this translation if you can
- Romani: muskim
- Romanian: șobolan(ro)m
- Romansch: ratun
- Russian: кры́са(ru)f (krýsa), пасю́к(ru)m (pasjúk)
- S'gaw Karen: ယုၢ် (yu̱)
- Sami: roahttu
- Samoan: 'iole
- Sanskrit: मूष्(sa)m or f (mūṣ), आखु(sa)m (ākhu)
- Santali: ᱜᱳᱱ (gon)
- Sardinian: mus
- Scots: ratton
- Scottish Gaelic: radan
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Sicilian: surci martorium, surgi martognum
- Sindhi: please add this translation if you can
- Sinhalese: ලොකු මීයා (loku mīyā)
- Skolt Sami: rott, jõnnsäʹppli
- Slovak: potkan(sk)m, krysaf
- Slovene: podgana(sl)f
- Somali: jiir(so)
- Sorbian:
- Lower: ratwaf, rataf, wjelika myšf
- Upper: wulka myšf, šćuraf
- Sotho: rotoclass 9
- Southern Altai: эрлен (erlen), јӱскен (ǰüsken)
- Southern Sami: rööhtse
- Spanish: rata(es)f
- Sranan Tongo: alata
- Swahili: panya(sw)
- Swedish: råtta(sv)c
- Sylheti: ꠃꠘ꠆ꠖꠥꠞ (undur)
- Tagalog: (mouse or rat) daga(tl)
- Tajik: (mouse or rat) муш(tg) (muš)
- Talysh: морә (morǝ)
- Tamil: எலி(ta) (eli)
- Taos: please add this translation if you can
- Tarifit: aɣerḍam
- Tatar: күсе(tt) (küse)
- Tausug: ambaw
- Telugu: (mouse or rat) ఎలుక(te) (eluka)
- Tetum: laho
- Thai: (mouse or rat) หนู(th) (nǔu)
- Tibetan: ཙི་ཙི་ཆེན་པོ (tsi tsi chen po)
- Tigrinya: ኣንጭዋ (ʾanč̣əwa)
- Tok Pisin: rat
- Tongan: kumā
- Tswana: peba
- Turkish: (mouse or rat) sıçan(tr), fare(tr), (big rats only) keme
- Turkmen: alaka(tk)
- Ukrainian: пацю́кm (pacjúk), щурm (ščur)
- Urdu: (mouse or rat) چوهاm (cūhā)
- Uyghur: چاشقان (chashqan), تۇلۇمچاشقان (tulumchashqan)
- Uzbek: kalamush(uz)
- Venetian: sorxe(vec)
- Vietnamese: (mouse or rat) chuột(vi)
- Volapük: rat(vo)
- Walloon: rat(wa)m
- Waray-Waray: yatot
- Welsh: llygoden fawr(cy)f, llygod mawr(cy)fpl
- West Coast Bajau: tikus
- West Frisian: rôtc
- White Hmong: please add this translation if you can
- Wolof: kaña gi(wo)
- Xhosa: ibuzi
- Yaeyama: うぇんちゅ (Wenchu)
- Yiddish: ראַץm (rats), שטשורm (shtshur)
- Yonaguni: うやんとぅ (uyantu)
- Yoruba: eku
- Zhuang: nou
- Zulu: igundane(zu)
traitor
- Bulgarian: предател(bg)m (predatel)
- Finnish: petturi(fi)
- German: Verräter(de)m
- Irish: lúbairem
- Italian: spia(it)f, delatore(it)m, pentito(it)m, traditore(it)m
- Macedonian: предавникm (predavnik), предавницаf (predavnica), предавничкаf (predavnička)
- Polish: kapuś(pl)mpers, szpicel(pl)mpers, donosiciel(pl)mpers
- Russian: преда́тель(ru)m (predátelʹ), преда́тельница(ru)f (predátelʹnica)
- Sicilian: judeum, cunfidenti dâ custuram, pintutum, traditurim
- Spanish: chivato(es)m
- Swedish: förrädare(sv)c
scoundrel or villain
informer or snitch
a person who routinely spends time at a certain location
- Russian: завсегда́тай(ru)m (zavsegdátaj)
See also[edit]
Verb[edit]
rat (third-person singular simple present rats, present participle ratting, simple past and past participle ratted)
- (of a dog, etc.) To hunt or kill rats. [from 19th c.]
- (intransitive) To betray a political party, cause or principle; to betray someone, to desert a person or thing. [from 19th c.]
- (informal, intransitive) To work as a scab, going against trade union policies. [from 19th c.]
- (chiefly US) To backcomb (hair). [from 20th c.]
2021, Rickie Lee Jones, Last Chance Texaco, Grove Press, published 2022, page 31:
In 1962, the higher a girl's hair was ratted the more available she was, it was simply understood.
- (intransitive, with on or out) To inform on someone; to betray someone to the police or authorities. [from 20th c.]
- He ratted on his coworker.
- He is going to rat us out!
Synonyms[edit]
- (to betray someone to an authority): tell on, to finger or put the finger on, bewray
Translations[edit]
to tell on someone
- Bulgarian: предавам(bg) (predavam), донасям за (donasjam za)
- Catalan: delatar(ca), acuar (colloquial)
- Danish: stikke
- Finnish: antaa ilmi, kannella(fi)
- French: moucharder(fr), cafter(fr), balancer(fr)
- Galician: delatar
- German: verraten(de)
- Irish: tréig
- Manx: treig
- Polish: kapować(pl), sypać(pl), donosić(pl)
- Russian: стуча́ть(ru)impf (stučátʹ), доноси́ть(ru)impf (donosítʹ), крысить(ru)impf (krysitʹ)
- Spanish: delatar(es), chivar(es) (colloquial)
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout §Translations.
Translations to be checked
- Italian: cantare(it), spifferare(it), fare la spia
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Guus Kroonen, The Proto-Germanic n-stems (2011), page 222
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle English ratten, further etymology unknown. Compare Middle High German ratzen (“to scratch; rasp; tear”). Could be related to write. See also rit.
Noun[edit]
rat (plural rats)
- (regional) A scratch or a score.
- (nautical, regional) A place in the sea with rapid currents and crags where a ship is likely to be torn apart in stormy weather.
Verb[edit]
rat (third-person singular simple present rats, present participle ratting, simple past and past participle ratted)
- (regional) To scratch or score.
He ratted a vertical line on his face with a pocket knife.
- (regional, rare, obsolete) To tear, rip, rend.
Ratted to shreds.
- Damn, drat, blast; used in oaths.
1904, Rafael Sabatini, chapter XXVI, in The Tavern Knight:
“But, rat me, sir,” cried Foster in bewilderment, “tis too generous—'pon honour it is. I can't consent to it. No, rat me, I can't.”
Usage notes[edit]
The verb rat is rarely used in the second sense. In the sense to tear, rip, rend, the form to-rat is more common. Compare German zerreißen (“to rip up, tear, rend”).
References[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Noun[edit]
rat (plural rats)
- (military, slang) A ration.
2014, John, Buffoon, page 243:
With regards to the testing of his product, the initial blood analysis had come back confirming huge, distinctive nutritional superiority for Stewart's military ration pack. Given that the policy of the British Army is to be fully ready for war at the drop of a hat, he was sitting on the potential of supplying new rats for the entire army […]
Derived terms[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
Catalan[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ratm (plural rats)
- rat
- Synonym: rata
Further reading[edit]
- “rat” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “rat”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “rat” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “rat” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Danish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Low German rat (“wheel”), from Old Saxon rath.
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /rat/, [ˈʁɑd̥]
- hom*ophone: ret (except in some older speakers)
Noun[edit]
ratn (singular definite rattet, plural indefinite rat)
Inflection[edit]
Declension of rat
Dutch[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- rot (Northern Dutch, dialectal)
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Dutch ratte.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ratf (plural ratten, diminutive ratjen)
- (zoology) A rat, medium-sized rodent belonging to the genus Rattus, or of certain other genera in the family Muridae.
- (informal) Any of the numerous, fairly large members of several rodent families that resemble true rats in appearance.
- (informal) A traitor; a scoundrel; a quisling.
- (informal) An informant or snitch.
- (informal) An urchin.
- (informal) A pauper; undesirable commoner.
- (slang) A watch.
Derived terms[edit]
- landrat
- rattenbeet
- rattengif
- rattenkoning
- rattenval
- rattenvanger
- rattenvergif
- rioolrat
- straatrat
- waterrat
- zwemrat
- animal species
Descendants[edit]
- Afrikaans: rot
- Jersey Dutch: rot
- Negerhollands: rotto, roto
- → Virgin Islands Creole: roto (dated)
- →? Kari'na: alata (via Sranantongo, possibly from Spanish)
- →? Saramaccan: alátu (possibly from Spanish)
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Middle French rat (“rat”), from Old French rat (“rat”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ratm (plural rats, feminine rate)
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “rat”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams[edit]
Indonesian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
- from Old Javanese rāt (“world, land”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀat.
- from Sanskrit रथ (ratha, “chariot, wagon, body”). See Yana (Buddhism) in Wikipedia for more information.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
rat (first-person possessive ratku, second-person possessive ratmu, third-person possessive ratnya)
Further reading[edit]
- “rat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Kalasha[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Sanskrit रात्रि (rātri). Cognate with Hindi रात (rāt).
Noun[edit]
rat (Arabic رات)
Maltese[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /raːt/
- hom*ophones: ragħad, rgħat (except archaically)
Verb[edit]
rat
Middle Dutch[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old Dutch *rath, from Proto-Germanic *raþą, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret-.
Noun[edit]
ratn
Inflection[edit]
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Old Dutch *rath, from Proto-Germanic *raþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret-.
Adjective[edit]
rat
Inflection[edit]
Adjective | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | ||
Nominative | Indefinite | rat | radde | rat | radde |
Definite | radde | radde | |||
Accusative | Indefinite | radden | radde | rat | radde |
Definite | radde | ||||
Genitive | rats | radder | rats | radder | |
Dative | radden | radder | radden | radden |
Descendants[edit]
- Dutch: rad
Further reading[edit]
- “rat”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “rat (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, pageI
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “rat (III)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, pageIII
Middle English[edit]
Noun[edit]
rat
- Alternative form of ratte
Norman[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French rat (“rat”).
Noun[edit]
ratm (plural rats)
Derived terms[edit]
- coue d'rat (“horsetail”)
- rat dg'ieau (“water vole”)
- rat mustchi (“muskrat”)
Occitan[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Audio (Languedocien) (file)
Noun[edit]
ratm (plural rats)
- (Rattus rattus)[1] black rat
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
Old French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Of Germanic origin, from Old High German rato (“rat”) or Frankish *rato (“rat”).
Noun[edit]
rat oblique singular,m (oblique plural raz or ratz, nominative singular raz or ratz, nominative plural rat)
- rat (rodent)
Descendants[edit]
- Middle French: rat
- French: rat
- Norman: rat
References[edit]
Brachet, A. (1873), “rat”, in , Kitchin, G. W., transl., Etymological dictionary of the French language (Clarendon Press Series), 1st edition, London: Oxford/MacMillan and Co.
Old Javanese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀat.
Noun[edit]
rat
Romani[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢 (ratta),[1][2] from Sanskrit रक्त (rakta).[1][2][3] Cognate with dialectal Hindi रात (rāt)[3] and Punjabi ਰੱਤ (ratta).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ratm (nominative plural rata)
- blood[1][2][3][4]
Etymology 2[edit]
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (ratti),[5][6] from Sanskrit रात्रि (rātri).[5][6]
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ratf (nominative plural ratǎ)
- night[6][7]
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “rakta1”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page610
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Boretzky, Norbert; Igla, Birgit (1994), “rat²”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum: mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page243a
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Dieter W. Halwachs (2001 September) “Origin and Denomination”, in ROMBASE Cultural Database[1], Graz, Austria, archived from the original on 19 August 2021
- ^ Marcel Courthiade (2009), “o rat, -es- ʒ. [sic] -a, -en-”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram: cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (in hu,en), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page303ab
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “rāˊtrī”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page619
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Boretzky, Norbert; Igla, Birgit (1994), “rat¹”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum: mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 242b-243a
- ^ Marcel Courthiade (2009), “i rat, -ǎ- ʒ. -ǎ, -ěn- = e rǎt, -ǎ- ʒ. -ǎ, -ěn- = e rǎt/ǐ, -ǎ- ʒ. -ǎ, -ěn-”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram: cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (in hu,en), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page303b
Romansch[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
ratm (plural rats)
Synonyms[edit]
Serbo-Croatian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ortь, from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to rise, to attack”), cognate to Ancient Greek ἔρις (éris, “quarrel, strife”), Sanskrit ऋति (ṛti, “assault”) and Proto-Germanic *ernustuz (“struggle, fight”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
rȁtm (Cyrillic spelling ра̏т, relational adjective rȁtnī)
- war
- Synonym: vojna
- Samo idioti misle da rat r(j)ešava probleme. ― Only idiots think that war solves problems.
Declension[edit]
Declension of rat
Torres Strait Creole[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From English rat.
Noun[edit]
rat
- rat or mouse
Synonyms[edit]
- mukeis (eastern dialect)
Volapük[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from English rat.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
rat (nominative plural rats)
Declension[edit]
declension of rat