What are the several human traits that tend to affect investment decisions?
Analyzing the survey data, Jiang and his coauthors found that individuals with high openness and low neuroticism tended to invest more in equities—including individual stocks and stock funds. Agreeableness and conscientiousness, on the other hand, played a less significant role in financial decision-making.
Here, we highlight five prominent behavioral biases common among investors. In particular, we look at loss aversion, anchoring bias, herd instinct, overconfidence bias, and confirmation bias. Loss aversion occurs when investors care more about losses than gains.
As individual investors make investment decisions, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate which factors are influenced by them. Individual investors are under the influence of three main factors, personal, financial and environmental, while making investment decisions.
Self-Serving Bias: The Ego's Influence
In the investment realm, this bias can lead investors to take credit for successful decisions while blaming market conditions or other external factors for losses. Recognizing and mitigating this bias can lead to a more accurate assessment of an investor's skills and limitations.
Answer and Explanation: Many external factors can influence the investment decision-making process, including: Economic conditions: Investment decisions can be influenced by economic variables including inflation, interest rates, and economic growth.
Three types of bias can be distinguished: information bias, selection bias, and confounding. These three types of bias and their potential solutions are discussed using various examples.
- Similarity Bias. Similarity bias means that we often prefer things that are like us over things that are different than us. ...
- Expedience Bias. ...
- Experience Bias. ...
- Distance Bias. ...
- Safety Bias.
Financial literacy, self-confidence, and access to trusted investment advice. The survey found that low trust in the stock market, fear of loss, a lack of knowledge about how to invest, and a lack of trustworthy investment advice were significant factors influencing investment choices.
This suggests that individuals who exhibit overconfidence tend to make investment choices that are influenced by their exaggerated self-belief in their own abilities. The results showed that overconfidence is one of the most significant behavioral factors affecting investment decisions.
Intentionality: Impact investing is characterized by a clear intention to drive positive change. Investors actively seek out opportunities that align with their values and contribute to specific social or environmental goals.
What factors can influence your investment choices and value?
Your investment strategy depends on your personal circ*mstances, including your age, capital, risk tolerance, and goals. Investment strategies range from conservative to highly aggressive, and include value and growth investing. You should reevaluate your investment strategies as your personal situation changes.
Not surprisingly, most investors are more comfortable when asset prices are high and considerably less so when asset prices are low. Anxiety and stress levels rise during periods of uncertainty; and in a stressed emotional state, a person's ability to make rational decisions is meaningfully impaired.
It refers to the mental and emotional factors that influence an investor's decision-making process when it comes to buying, holding, or selling investments. This includes a range of cognitive biases and emotions that can impact an investor's perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors.
Government policies, economic stability in the market, innovations in banking and financial services and increase in income levels are all socio-economic factors. Family structure and social environment, age, and religious and political views influence investment decisions.
Successful investors don't look at what's happening now. Instead, by studying the momentum of a company or an entire economy and how it interacts with its competitors, they invest now for what will happen later. They are always forward-thinking.
Investors Are Irrational by Nature. They Can Be Trained to Be More Rational. - Barron's.
Implicit bias is the positive or negative attitudes, feelings, and stereotypes we maintain about members of a certain group without us being consciously aware of them. Explicit bias is the positive or negative attitudes, feelings, and stereotypes we maintain about others while being consciously aware of them.
- Recall bias. When survey respondents are asked to answer questions about things that happened to them in the past, the researchers have to rely on the respondents' memories of the past. ...
- Selection bias. ...
- Observation bias (also known as the Hawthorne Effect) ...
- Confirmation bias. ...
- Publishing bias.
- Overconfidence. ...
- Regret. ...
- Limited Attention Span. ...
- Chasing Trends.
- Availability Bias. ...
- Anchor Bias. ...
- Overconfidence Bias. ...
- Confirmation Bias. ...
- Rush-To-Solve Bias.
What are human biases in decision making?
Cognitive bias can be defined as a set of predictable mental errors that arise from our limited ability to process information objectively. It can result in illogical and irrational decisions, and it can cause you to misjudge risks and threats.
Similarity bias most commonly influences our decisions regarding people: who to hire, who to promote, and who to assign to projects. It occurs because humans are highly motivated to see themselves and those who are similar in a favorable light.
One of the key aspects of behavioral finance studies is the influence of psychological biases. Some common behavioral financial aspects include loss aversion, consensus bias, and familiarity tendencies.
Loss aversion/endowment effect
The loss aversion/endowment effect can lead to poor and irrational investment decisions whereby investors hold onto losing investments for too long in the hope that they will eventually recover or sell winning investments too quickly to lock in gains.
The asset class and investment horizon tend to have the greatest influence on risk for an investment. Different asset classes have different risk profiles.
References
- https://www.fool.com/the-ascent/buying-stocks/articles/what-are-warren-buffetts-5-rules-of-investing-and-how-can-you-use-them-to-your-benefit/
- https://www.fastcompany.com/3045035/5-common-unconscious-biases-that-lead-to-bad-decisions
- https://www.rocketmortgage.com/learn/1-rule-real-estate
- https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-3C-and-4P-of-marketing
- https://byjus.com/question-answer/what-is-meant-by-investment-decision-state-any-three-factors-which-affect-the-investment-decision/
- https://finance.yahoo.com/news/invested-1000-netflix-decade-ago-133004497.html
- https://www.bitpanda.com/academy/en/lessons/what-are-the-biggest-risks-in-investing
- https://neuroleadership.com/your-brain-at-work/seeds-model-biases-affect-decision-making/
- https://cowrywise.com/blog/behavioural-finance/
- https://www.juliusbaer.com/en/insights/wealth-insights/how-to-invest/the-biggest-mistakes-investors-make/
- https://www.fool.com/retirement/2023/05/26/1-outdated-retirement-rule-youll-want-to-forget-as/
- https://www.robeco.com/en-int/insights/2023/04/the-golden-rule-of-investing
- http://www.ijcrar.com/vol-2-9/Pinki%20Rani.pdf
- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investment-analysis.asp
- https://fortune.com/recommends/investing/golden-rules-of-investing/
- https://www.wsj.com/personal-finance/retirement/the-4-rule-for-retirement-is-back-627ef287
- https://www.investopedia.com/10-investing-concepts-beginners-need-to-learn-5219500
- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/factors-consider-making-financial-investment-decisions-infibranches
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305329878_A_Study_on_Factors_Influencing_Buying_Behaviour_in_Indian_Stock_Markets
- https://www.magellangroup.com.au/insights/10-cognitive-biases-that-can-lead-to-investment-mistakes/
- https://www.startupcentral.dk/en/blogs/five-things-not-to-say-to-investors/
- https://www.markercontent.com/articles/lifestyle/the-7030-rule-of-investing-and-managing-money-229413
- https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/jenniferlerner/files/emotion_and_decision_making.pdf
- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/unlocking-power-marketing-mix-learn-all-4ps-4cs-7ps-subham-das
- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/two-percent-rule.asp
- https://www.bankrate.com/investing/investment-strategies-for-beginners/
- https://m.economictimes.com/wealth/plan/five-bad-investing-saving-spending-habits-you-should-give-up-now/articleshow/107103969.cms
- https://www.lazyportfolioetf.com/what-is-a-lazy-portfolio/
- https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137544254_7
- https://www.tataaia.com/blogs/financial-planning/5-important-steps-of-the-investment-process.html
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23322039.2023.2239032
- https://www.gtfundmanagers.com/our-insights/what-is-emotional-investing/
- https://www.cibc.com/en/personal-banking/investments/retirement-planning/six-principles.html
- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/4-3-2-1-approach-financial-freedom-royston-tan-%E9%99%88%E9%9F%A6%E9%BE%99-chfc-asep-ibfa-
- https://scripbox.com/pf/golden-rules-of-wealth-management/
- https://www.scribbr.com/frequently-asked-questions/types-bias/
- https://www.spectup.com/resource-hub/guide-startup-investors
- https://www.fca.org.uk/investsmart/golden-rules-investing
- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/5-traits-talented-investors-what-sets-them-apart-dealpotential
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0019466220987023
- https://russellinvestments.com/-/media/files/nz/insights/four-golden-rules-of-active-management-game.pdf
- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/facts-vs-feelings-what-matters-decision-making-justine-massaba
- https://wealthdesk.in/blog/behavioural-biases/
- https://www.prudential.com/financial-education/4-percent-rule-retirement
- https://www.usbank.com/investing/financial-perspectives/investing-insights/percentage-of-cash-in-my-portfolio.html
- https://fastercapital.com/content/Why-Investing-is-hard.html
- https://www.sec.gov/investor/pubs/tenthingstoconsider.htm
- https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/13/portfolio-growth-strategies.asp
- https://www.wellsfargo.com/goals-investing/why-invest/
- https://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/executive-education/the-kellogg-experience/thought-leadership/mastering-emotions-decisions.aspx
- https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJIEOM-08-2022-0033/full/html
- https://www.bankrate.com/investing/best-long-term-investments/
- https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/04/030504.asp
- https://hmpayson.com/how-emotions-can-impact-investment-decisions/
- https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0210/rules-that-warren-buffett-lives-by.aspx
- https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-theory/11/6-lessons-top-6-investors.asp
- https://www.fca.org.uk/investsmart/understanding-high-risk-investments
- https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/050813/4-behavioral-biases-and-how-avoid-them.asp
- https://www.wikihow.com/Emotionally-Invested
- https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/investing/the-best-investments-right-now
- https://www.bankrate.com/investing/golden-rules-of-investing/
- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/assetallocation.asp
- https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/mentalhealth/psychosocial/principles/Pages/behaviour-factors.aspx
- https://sunpointeinvestments.com/wp-content/uploads/UsingBehavioralInvestorTypestoBuildBetterRelationshipswithclients.pdf
- https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/investment-strategies/
- https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3337585_code3358981.pdf?abstractid=3337585&mirid=1
- https://medium.com/swlh/heres-what-influences-how-real-people-invest-their-money-202bec219c1b
- https://latinbusinesstoday.com/art-marketing-client-king/
- https://www.mindtools.com/akksnwa/themarketingmixandthe4ps
- https://www.understandinghealthresearch.org/useful-information/common-sources-of-bias-2
- https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/pros-cons-of-buying-stocks/
- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/behavioralfinance.asp
- https://www.thriventfunds.com/insights/investing-essentials/4-long-term-investment-strategies-to-help-increase-gains.html
- https://www.forbes.com/sites/princeghuman/2024/01/18/how-psychological-biases-can-impact-investment-decisions/
- https://www.financestrategists.com/wealth-management/investor-psychology/
- https://www.yieldstreet.com/resources/article/investment-decision-making/
- https://corporate.vanguard.com/content/corporatesite/us/en/corp/how-we-invest/principles-for-investing-success.html
- https://www.marketwatch.com/picks/this-is-warren-buffetts-first-rule-about-investing-heres-what-to-do-if-your-financial-adviser-breaks-that-rule-01635799738
- https://finance.yahoo.com/news/warren-buffett-9-money-making-172855593.html
- https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/18/5-criteria-to-consider-when-selecting-stocks.html
- https://www.theinvestorspodcast.com/blog/the-5-levels-of-investing/
- https://www.barrons.com/articles/investors-irrational-nature-training-51648029602
- https://ift.world/concept1/concept-86-four-cs-capacity-collateral-covenants-character-traditional-credit-analysis/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25714762/
- https://www.amazon.com/Mistakes-Every-Investor-Makes-Avoid/dp/1118929004
- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investmentstrategy.asp
- https://homework.study.com/explanation/what-are-the-external-factors-that-can-influence-the-investment-decision-process.html
- https://www.cbmcpa.com/2023/11/15/6-ways-to-evaluate-investment-risk/
- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/psychology-money-how-our-emotions-drive-financial-decisions-pillai
- https://cote100.com/en/news/what-are-these-four-essential-qualities-for-long-term-success-on-the-stock-exchange/
- https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115043
- https://www.ramseysolutions.com/retirement/how-to-invest-money
- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/psychology-money-how-emotions-can-affect-your-decisions-joe-murphy
- https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/investing/how-to-start-investing
- https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/how-to-choose-investment-strategy/
- https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/business-studies/corporate-finance/investment-decisions/
- https://www.impactinvest.org.uk/learning-hub/introduction-to-impact-investing/
- https://www.ubaconsultants.com/en/services/financial-investment-management/investment-evaluation
- https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/feelings-first-how-emotion-shapes-communication-decisions-experiences
- https://appreciatewealth.com/blog/six-approaches-for-mitigating-investment-risks-in-the-stock-market
- https://brainly.com/question/32509599
- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/understand-your-emotions-make-better-decisions--2f
- https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/10/how-to-avoid-emotional-investing.asp
- https://www.thelangelfirm.com/debt-collection-defense-blog/2023/august/the-common-emotions-sabotaging-your-finances/
- https://www.mindtools.com/a0ozgex/cognitive-bias
- https://www.fidelity.com/viewpoints/investing-ideas/3-keys-the-foundation-of-investing
- https://m.economictimes.com/markets/stocks/news/10-factors-that-will-make-or-break-your-investment-strategy/articleshow/98770041.cms
- https://www.investopedia.com/stock-analysis/2012/investing-in-unethical-stocks-the-pros-and-cons-for-traders-ltd-bti1116.aspx
- https://www.indiainfoline.com/knowledge-center/share-market/5-reasons-why-investors-fail-in-stock-market-investing-in-a-stock
- https://lifepointhealth.net/insights-and-trends/5-biases-that-impact-decision-making
- https://royalexaminer.com/the-impact-of-emotions-on-financial-decision-making/
- https://www.moomoo.com/us/learn/detail-5-behavioral-biases-affecting-investors-60939-220676046
- https://www.investopedia.com/managing-wealth/basic-investment-objectives/
- https://medium.com/crypto-and-money/shocking-but-true-90-of-people-lose-money-in-stocks-9da95870cbe8
- https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/050115/what-are-some-reallife-examples-8020-rule-pareto-principle-practice.asp
- https://www.investopedia.com/articles/bonds/08/bond-choice.asp
- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/psychology-investing-how-emotions-affect-our-investment-decisions
- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/rise-impact-investing-purpose-sekondary
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780444594068000226
- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidasset.asp
- https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/wealth-management/risk-averse-definition/
- https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/rule-of-69/
- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/impact-investing.asp
- https://fortune.com/recommends/investing/safe-investments/