Whole vs. Universal Life Insurance | Bankrate (2024)

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Whole vs. Universal Life Insurance | Bankrate (1)Written by

Cate Deventer

Cate Deventer

Whole vs. Universal Life Insurance | Bankrate (2)Edited by

Maggie Kempken

Maggie Kempken

Whole vs. Universal Life Insurance | Bankrate (3)Reviewed by

Kenneth Chavis IV

Kenneth Chavis IV

Updated Mar 14, 2024

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Key takeaways

  • Universal and whole are two types of permanent life insurance policies. While the two share similarities, each has unique pros and cons.
  • Whole life policies tend to have more guaranteed benefits than universal life insurance– and premiums for whole life are usually higher.
  • Speak with a financial advisor or insurance agent for help deciding whether whole life, universal life or another kind of insurance coverage best suits your needs.

If you are looking to purchase permanent life insurance—the kind that stays in place for your entire life, assuming the premiums are paid—you may be trying to decide between two common options: whole life and universal life. While these policy types share certain commonalities, there are significant differences between them; understanding each could help you better meet your family’s financial goals. Bankrate can help you understand the differences between universal and whole life insurance so you can make an informed decision about which is right for your needs.

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Whole life insurance combines life insurance with an investment component.

  • Coverage for life
  • Tax-deferred savings benefit if premiums are paid
  • 3 variations of permanent insurance: whole life, universal life and variable life include investment component

Term life insurance is precisely what the name implies: an insurance policy that is good for a specific term of time.

  • Fixed premium over term
  • No savings benefits
  • Outliving policy or policy cancellation results in no money back

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This advertising widget is powered by HomeInsurance.com, a licensed insurance producer (NPN: 8781838) and a corporate affiliate of Bankrate. HomeInsurance.com LLC services are only available in states where it is licensed and insurance coverage through HomeInsurance.com may not be available in all states. All insurance products are governed by the terms in the applicable insurance policy, and all related decisions (such as approval for coverage, premiums, commissions and fees) and policy obligations are the sole responsibility of the underwriting insurer. The information on this site does not modify any insurance policy terms in any way.

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Whole life vs. universal life

Whole and universal life policies have certain similarities. Both policies offer permanent life insurance coverage with a cash value portion that you can borrow against, use to pay premiums or withdraw from. If you cancel either life insurance policy, you will typically be refunded a portion of the cash value up to the amount of premiums paid after any charges or fees are paid. With both policies, the money in the cash value account can usually be invested to earn returns and/or interest.

However, there are some key differences between whole life vs. universal life. With a whole life policy, policyholders are locked into a set premium and death benefit amount. Universal life policies, on the other hand, typically allow policyholders to adjust the amount they pay in premiums and the amount of their death benefit, as long as certain criteria are met. In addition, universal life cash value accounts are typically higher risk and higher reward than whole lifepolicies. With whole life insurance policies, dividends from your cash value account investments are usually guaranteed but capped, which limits the amount of returns a policyholder can make.

Universal life cash value accounts typically do not cap the amount of returns a policyholder can make unless it is a fixed product, but do not guarantee returns either. In this way, it’s possible for universal life policyholders to either gain or lose money on their cash value accounts.

Policy attributeWhole lifeUniversal life
LengthPermanentPermanent
Cash valueYesYes
Cash value growthFixed/cappedVaries depending on several factors
Flexible premiumNoYes
Flexible death benefitNoYes

How do I choose between whole life and universal life?

When choosing between universal vs whole life insurance, you may want to focus on the key differences between these life insurance policies. When it comes to the cash value account, would you rather have the stability of guaranteed returns with whole life insurance? Or would you prefer the higher risk, higher reward aspect of universal life cash value accounts which may generate much higher or lower returns? Would you like your policy to maintain fixed premiums and death benefit amounts as with whole life, or would you prefer the flexibility of changing your premium and death benefit amounts as with universal life?

A certified financial planner or other qualified financial advisor may be able to help you decide which of these products is right for you. Once you’ve decided on whole or universal life, an independent insurance agent can help you choose a life insurance provider.

Frequently asked questions

Whole vs. Universal Life Insurance | Bankrate (6)

Written by

Cate Deventer

Former Writer & Editor, Insurance

Read more from Cate

Cate Deventer is a writer, editor and insurance professional with over a decade of experience in the insurance industry as a licensed insurance agent.

Whole vs. Universal Life Insurance | Bankrate (7)

Edited by

Maggie Kempken

Maggie Kempken

Senior Editor, Insurance

    Whole vs. Universal Life Insurance | Bankrate (8)

    Reviewed by

    Kenneth Chavis IV

    Kenneth Chavis IV

    Senior wealth advisor atVersant Capital Management

      Whole vs. Universal Life Insurance | Bankrate (2024)

      FAQs

      Which is better, whole life or universal life insurance? ›

      universal life insurance. Whole life and universal life insurance have many similarities, and both are great options to help protect your family. The main difference is that whole life usually doesn't change—many features are guaranteed for life—while universal life offers flexibility.

      What are the disadvantages of universal life insurance? ›

      Universal policies typically don't have fixed interest rates, so they are less predictable than whole life insurance policies. If you miss a payment on a universal life policy or don't contribute enough to the cash value, you may end up making several large payments to keep the coverage.

      What are 2 disadvantages of whole life insurance? ›

      A more complex product than term life insurance. Higher premiums than term life insurance. Could be costly if coverage lapses early.

      What's the difference between permanent and universal life insurance? ›

      With a whole life policy, the money from the cash value will grow at a fixed rate, making it simpler and more predictable than other permanent life insurance types. With a universal life policy, the cash value has an interest rate that's partially based on market conditions and will change over time.

      What is the biggest weakness of whole life insurance? ›

      Cons of Whole Life Insurance

      Whole life is more expensive than term life, and you will receive a lower death benefit than you could get with the same amount of money with a term policy.

      What is the best age to buy universal life insurance? ›

      After all, someone can pass away at any age, and a life insurance death benefit (the payout beneficiaries get when you die) would help cover final expenses and other debts so they don't fall on loved ones. Life insurance for a 22-year-old is typically a better proposition than life insurance for a 55-year-old.

      Is whole life insurance ever a good idea? ›

      Just keep in mind that whole life insurance is quite expensive and often takes over a decade to earn reasonable investment returns. Therefore, it's typically only a good consideration if you're relatively young, have a high income and want to pass on money to your family.

      Why would someone buy universal life insurance? ›

      Like whole life, a universal policy can provide lifetime protection while building cash value with tax advantages. UL also gives you the flexibility to raise or lower premiums within certain limits, so it can cost less than whole life coverage.

      Can you cash out a universal life insurance policy? ›

      Can You Cash Out a Life Insurance Policy? With a cash value life insurance policy, like whole life or universal life insurance, you can access the cash value. One of the ways to do that is to cash out or surrender the policy. If you choose to cash out your policy, you'll receive the cash value minus any surrender fees.

      How long does it take for whole life insurance to build cash value? ›

      A whole life insurance policy will begin building cash value as soon as you pay your first premium, and it will continue building throughout the life of the policy as long as there are funds in the account.

      Is aflac good whole life insurance? ›

      Aflac is a financially sound and competitively priced insurer that provides a wide range of term and whole life policies and riders, adding more flexibility for consumers.

      What does whole life insurance not cover? ›

      Life insurance doesn't typically pay out in these circ*mstances: Murder: If your beneficiaries murder you or are closely tied to your murder, they won't receive the death benefit, per the slayer rule. Suicide: A payout won't apply if you commit suicide within the first two years of purchasing your policy.

      Can you convert universal life to whole life? ›

      Yes, you can convert a universal life insurance policy to a whole life insurance policy through a 1035 exchange, which allows you to transfer the cash value from one policy to another without incurring any tax consequences.

      What happens if I outlive my universal life insurance? ›

      However, some plans reach maturity dates as early as age 85, meaning you could potentially be alive once the plan reaches its maturity date – especially as life expectancy continues to increase. If you are alive when your universal life insurance plan matures, generally you may receive a payment and the policy ends.

      Who is the best whole life insurance company? ›

      Our Top 7 Picks for Whole Life Insurance Companies in 2024
      • Nationwide: Our pick for bundling insurance.
      • New York Life: Best for cash value policies.
      • State Farm: Our pick for customer satisfaction.
      • MassMutual: Best for permanent life insurance.
      • Penn Mutual: Our pick for custom coverage.
      7 days ago

      What type of life insurance gives the greatest? ›

      Term insurance is initially cheaper than other types of policies that offer the same amount of protection. Therefore, it gives you the greatest immediate coverage per dollar.

      Who is whole life insurance best suited for? ›

      Whole life insurance is typically worth the cost for people between the ages of 25 and 50, even if you don't yet have a lot of people depending on your income or services.

      Which life insurance builds cash value the fastest? ›

      Single premium whole or universal life insurance policies are the types that generate immediate cash value. However, you can also secure immediate life insurance coverage with a no exam term or whole life insurance policy.

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