The National Debt Is Now More than $34 Trillion. What Does That Mean? (2024)

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The National Debt Is Now More than $34 Trillion. What Does That Mean? ›

Higher levels of debt through cutting taxes or government spending could put more money in consumers' pockets, prompting them to spend more. This could cause the inflation rates to swell, according to Andolfatto. “Generally, economists think that when households feel wealthier, they're likely to spend more,” he said.

A nation saddled with debt will have less to invest in its own future. Rising debt means fewer economic opportunities for Americans. Rising debt reduces business investment and slows economic growth. It also increases expectations of higher rates of inflation and erosion of confidence in the U.S. dollar.

The nation's debt, currently over $34 trillion, is rampantly growing as U.S. lawmakers have been unable to agree to long-term budget reforms that could tame it. Officials from several institutions warn a tipping point is near and it will only get worse if it snowballs into a crisis.

He said debt is an important tool for a country, and its importance is why we should be so concerned. Cochrane points out that during the Great Recession and the COVID-19 shutdown, the United States was able to swoop in fast with billions for bailouts, stimulus checks and aid programs.

The national debt is the amount of money the federal government has borrowed to cover the outstanding balance of expenses incurred over time. In a given fiscal year (FY) , when spending (ex. money for roadways) exceeds revenue (ex. money from federal income tax), a budget deficit results.

There are two kinds of national debt: intragovernmental and public. Intragovernmental is debt held by the Federal Reserve and Social Security and other government agencies. Public debt is held by the public: individual investors, institutions, foreign governments.

1) Switzerland

Switzerland is a country that, in practically all economic and social metrics, is an example to follow. With a population of almost 9 million people, Switzerland has no natural resources of its own, no access to the sea, and virtually no public debt.

Years of elevated budget deficits, exacerbated by massive federal spending during the COVID-19 pandemic, have taken the debt to historic levels: totaling more than $26 trillion in 2023, U.S. federal government debt is now at its highest percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) since World War II.

US Treasurys Owned by China, in USD Billions

$797.7 billion of the total $8,023.7 billion U.S. national debt.

How can the US get out of debt? ›

Tax hikes alone are rarely enough to stimulate the economy and pay down debt. Governments often issue debt in the form of bonds to raise money. Spending cuts and tax hikes combined have helped lower the deficit. Bailouts and debt defaults have disadvantages but can help a government solve a debt problem.

In addition, household debt - mostly mortgages - is 61 per cent of GDP. Altogether, China's gross national debt is over 300 percent of GDP. A high debt burden constrains the government's fiscal firepower, preventing it from unleashing bolder stimulus and weakening its effectiveness when implementing support measures.

One of the main culprits is consistently overspending. When the federal government spends more than its budget, it creates a deficit. In the fiscal year of 2023, it spent about $381 billion more than it collected in revenues. To pay that deficit, the government borrows money.

As we have discussed elsewhere, government debt reduces economic activity by crowding out private capital formation and by requiring future tax increases or spending cuts to accommodate future interest payments.

History shows the debt-to-GDP ratio tends to rise during recessions and in their aftermath. GDP shrinks during a recession while government tax receipts decline and safety net spending rises. The combination of higher budget deficits with lower GDP inflates the debt-to-GDP ratio.